آلية عمل أباتاسبت وتأثيره على جهاز المناعة (Mechanism of Action of Abatacept and Its Impact on the Immune System)
ABATACEPT
آلية عمل أباتاسبت وتأثيره على جهاز المناعة (Mechanism of Action of Abatacept and Its Impact on the Immune System)
Abatacept, commonly known by its brand name Orencia, is a medication used in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It is important to understand the mechanism of action of abatacept to comprehend how it affects the immune system.
Mechanism of Action
Abatacept works by targeting a specific protein on the surface of T-cells, known as CD80/86. These proteins play a crucial role in the activation of T-cells and their subsequent attack on healthy tissues, which is a characteristic feature of autoimmune diseases. By binding to CD80/86, abatacept prevents its interaction with another protein called CD28.
When CD28 on T-cells interacts with CD80/86 on antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, it leads to T-cell activation. Activated T-cells release inflammatory molecules, including cytokines, which trigger an immune response and contribute to disease progression. By blocking CD28-CD80/86 interaction, abatacept inhibits T-cell activation and reduces the release of inflammatory molecules.
Impact on the Immune System
Abatacept’s primary impact on the immune system is the suppression of T-cell activity. As mentioned earlier, abatacept prevents T-cells from becoming activated and attacking healthy tissues. This modulation of T-cell response helps alleviate symptoms and slow down disease progression in autoimmune conditions.
Moreover, abatacept also influences other immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It affects B-cells, which produce antibodies that can damage healthy tissues in autoimmune conditions. By suppressing T-cell activity, abatacept indirectly inhibits the activation and production of autoantibodies by B-cells.
Another impact of abatacept on the immune system is its ability to regulate the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. By reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), abatacept helps restore the immune system’s homeostasis and avoid excessive immune responses.
Conclusion
In summary, abatacept is a medication used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the interaction between CD28 on T-cells and CD80/86 on antigen-presenting cells, leading to a suppression of T-cell activation and the subsequent immune response. By modulating T-cell and B-cell activity and regulating the balance of cytokines, abatacept helps alleviate symptoms and slow down the progression of autoimmune diseases. It is crucial to consult with healthcare professionals for proper guidance and monitoring while using abatacept.